Our human intestinal S9 fraction is isolated from ethically sourced, non-diseased human small intestine tissue and contains both microsomal and cytosolic enzymes, providing a complete in vitro system for studying Phase I and Phase II drug metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. The S9 fraction is especially valuable for evaluating intestinal first-pass metabolism, enzyme kinetics, and drug-drug interactions during oral drug absorption.
Prepared under optimized conditions to preserve enzymatic function, our intestinal S9 Fraction are especially suited for studying major intestinal enzymes such as CYP3A4. S9 Fraction are available with or without PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride). The PMSF-free S9 fraction, included in our standard stock, are specifically suited for esterase activity studies, where serine protease inhibitors may interfere with enzymatic performance. Both formats are rigorously tested to ensure enzymatic integrity and lot-to-lot consistency.